tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-51543823327916912012024-02-20T08:03:11.819-08:00Much Ado About TimeA blog about anything and everything to do about time, from the scientific aspects all the way to the social, cultural and even the philisophical aspects of time.Ringohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09506068154852505840noreply@blogger.comBlogger20125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5154382332791691201.post-26735010970113783672020-10-05T03:54:00.001-07:002020-10-05T03:54:50.138-07:002020: Most Full Moons In A Year?<p>Even though the COVID 19 pandemic has reduced amateur
astronomy into a much lonelier endeavor, will this year’s surfeit of full moons
be a consolation - and a special time - to amateur astronomers?</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">By: Ringo Bones </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The global astronomical community announced back in January
that 2020 will be a very interesting year for amateur astronomers and
stargazers the world over because it will have 13 full moons instead of the
regular 12. And October 2020 will be a special time because it is when two full moons
will occur in the same month, not to mention another rare astronomical event is
set to happen this month – a 100-percent full moon falling on Halloween night. </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">October 2020 will prove to be of interest to amateur
astronomers and stargazers around the word because it will be a “full moon
event” – i.e. two full moons occurring on the same month. For more than half a
century, if two full moons fall on the same month, it is dubbed as a blue moon.
Ideally, a blue moon event happens once every two and a half to three years. The
October 1<sup>st</sup> full moon of 2020 was dubbed as a “Harvest Moon” as such
events have been called since antiquity, and the Halloween Full Moon of 2020
that will occur on October 31<sup>st</sup> will be dubbed as a “Hunter’s Moon” –
i.e. the full moon that occurs after a Harvest Moon. </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Even though artistic depictions of Halloween night – more often
than not – had always shown a full moon high in the sky with kids in various Halloween
costumes trick or treating the night away, a full moon occurring on a Halloween
night is actually a relatively rare event. The last time that Halloween night
was illuminated by a 100-percent full moon was back in 1944. </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Ideally, a 100-percent full moon on Halloween is supposed to
happen once every 19 years, but given that the 31<sup>st</sup> of October falls
on a different day of the week year after year, a full moon on Halloween is a
very rare event indeed. According to astronomers, the next time a 100-percent
full moon will be shining on a Halloween evening after 2020 will occur in the
year 2039, then in 2058, then in 2077 and the last one for the 21<sup>st</sup>
Century will occur in 2096. </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The good news is that even if a scheduled 100-percent full
moon event will fall a day or two before or after the October 31<sup>st</sup> Halloween
night, it can still serve as a spooky Halloween night backdrop because since
most people, and most general-purpose hand-held cameras, can’t tell the
difference between a 100-percent full moon and a “mere” 98-percent full moon.
Because of this, October 31, 2031 Halloween night will seem to appear just as
spooky to future Halloween revelers as this coming October 31, 2020 Halloween
night.</p>Ringohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09506068154852505840noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5154382332791691201.post-67675465368395060552020-01-31T02:25:00.000-08:002020-01-31T02:25:41.569-08:00No Big Ben Bongs For Brexit?<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
Given that this iconic bell is attached to the world’s most
iconic timepiece, does the failure of the proposed Big Ben bong to mark Brexit
on the “right side of history”?</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
By: Ringo Bones </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
For clarification purposes, the Big Ben is the nickname of
the Great Bell of the London Clock Tower and ever since its completion back in
May 31, 1859, this iconic landmark is not just a must see tourist attraction,
but also to remind anyone that this is the world’s standard timekeeper given
its location right smack in line on the Greenwich Prime Meridian. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Unfortunately, Big Ben’s chimes were silenced since August
21, 2017 to allow essential restoration work lasting four years to be carried
out on the tower. The last significant work carried out on the tower was back
in 1983 to 1985. Because of ongoing repairs, it would have took UK<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">£</span>500,000
to enable Big Ben to be “temporarily” working by Friday, January 31, 2020 at
23:00 GMT – the scheduled date for the current Brexit. But due to safety
reasons of the workers currently doing maintenance work on Big Ben, the UK
House of Commons refused to fund the scheme of a “Brexit Bong” and the
fundraising instead fell on a popular pro Brexit crowdfunding scheme. The House
of Commons also refused to accept the croudfunding money even if it was raised
in time for a January 31, 2020 “Brexit Bong” for the cited safety reasons. So
far, as of four days ago, only UK<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">£</span>272,000 had been raised and it will
instead go to fund a UK war veterans’ charity called Help for Heroes. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Given that a Big Ben Brexit Bong would have been a
politically contentious issue – especially to EU citizens saddened by the UK’s
departure from the European Union, many say that Brexit would significantly
lower the UK’s standing in the geopolitical stage in the long run. It would
only be a matter of time before the Greenwich Prime Meridian would become just
another “obscure astronomical term” like India’s Allahabad Observatory – only known
to seasoned ship’s navigators and seasoned astronomers.</div>
Ringohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09506068154852505840noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5154382332791691201.post-27012369793457012312019-03-31T18:24:00.000-07:002019-03-31T18:24:16.965-07:00Carlo Rovelli’s The Order of Time: The Most Comprehensive Book On Time So Far?<div class="MsoNormal">
Is The order of Time the most comprehensive book on time
ever published because the author tackles on the perceptual and descriptive
aspects to the scientific definition of time?</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
By: Ringo Bones </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
According to the book’s author – theoretical physicist Carlo
Rovelli – time is an illusion: our naïve perception of its flow doesn’t
correspond to physical reality. Unlike most recently published books on the
nature of time authored by theoretical physicists, Carlo Rovell’s The Order of
Time also has chapters explaining why Medieval pheasants understood time better
than the average 21<sup>st</sup> Century layperson, as in they understood time
better than we do - even way better than 19<sup>th</sup> Century economists and
policymakers in fact. Rovelli says the railroad industry boom and the
widespread adoption of trains were the reason for the standardization of time,
like the establishment of time zones in the continental United States. In this
book, Rovelli also states that the standardization of time eventually lead to
Einstein’s discoveries. Even though the latest concepts on the nature of time
is also discussed by Rovelli, he tends to return to Medieval era philosophers when
referring to how the layperson perceive time like how time is tied to
everything that makes us suffer and on how time shapes our identities. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Rovelli is one of the creators and champions of loop quantum
gravity theory, one of the several ongoing attempts to marry quantum mechanics
with general relativity. In contrast to the better-known string theory, loop
quantum gravity does not attempt to be a “theory of everything” out of which we
can integrate all of particle physics and gravitation. Nevertheless, the agenda
of loop quantum gravity to combine these two fundamentally differing laws is
incredibly ambitious. Along with his work on loop quantum gravity, Rovelli puts
forward the idea of “physics without time”. This stems from the fact that some
equations of quantum gravity (such as the Wheeler-DeWitt equation which assigns
quantum states to the Universe) can be written without any reference to time at
all. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Even though it is very insightful – i.e. the format of
integrating classical education and scientific education’s ideas about time – I
still have lingering doubts about Rovelli’s ideas on loop quantum gravity or
the thermal time hypothesis. And even though this book seems to tackle every
aspect or time from the metaphysical to the scientific, this book alone is
unlikely to make the average reader as well-versed about time in comparison to say,
William Penrose or the late Stephen Hawking or give them enough information to
render judgment whether Rovelli’s views are on the right track when it comes to
advancing humanity’s understanding on the true nature of time. Comprehensive so
far – yes indeed, but I’d rather be more interested in a book as comprehensive
as this, but one that tackles the still theoretical subject of sending
information and data faster than the speed of light.</div>
Ringohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09506068154852505840noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5154382332791691201.post-83581418568175024162019-03-31T03:30:00.000-07:002019-03-31T03:30:45.048-07:00Should The European Union Abandon Daylight Saving Time?<div class="MsoNormal">
Even though it was originally meant as an energy-saving
measure to switch on street and road lights only when absolutely necessary,
should the EU abandon Daylight Saving Time because of “debatable benefits”?</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
By: Ringo Bones </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The EU is set to end the “quaint” practice of changing our
clocks twice a year – i.e. Daylight Saving Time – in 2021, at least in some
states. The European Parliament has taken another step towards freeing members
of the bloc from the mandated change, but why is it taking too long? European
Union spokesperson Alexander Winterstein has been the most vocal opponent of
the EU still adhering to the “quaint practice” of Daylight Saving Time and
legend has it that it was only as a bit of fun when that late-rising American
statesman Benjamin Franklin proposed daylight savings time back in 1784 and for more
than two centuries, it has been a topic of controversy. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The UK adopted Daylight Saving Time in 1916 along with many
other nations involved in World War One in order to conserve coal used for
electricity generation. It followed years of pressure from William Willett - the
great, great grandfather of Coldplay singer Chris Martin, but the UK had its
own debate about time zones. In 2011, Number 10 Downing Street proposed a
three-year trial of moving to Central European Time, so the UK time would be
GMT+1 in winter and GMT+2 in summer months. The change would have meant lighter
evenings but darker mornings and one of the arguments for it was that it would
reduce road accidents. But it was abandoned after opposition from Scotland and
northern England, where some areas would not have seen daylight until 10 o’clock
in the morning under the proposal. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Back around the end of August 2018, European Union
Commission President Jean-Claude Juncker said millions “believe that in future,
summer time should be year-round, and that’s what will happen.” The EU
Commissioner’s proposal requires support from the 28 national governments and
MEP’s to become law. In the EU, clocks switch between winter and summer under
Daylight Saving Time. In a recent EU-wide public consultation, 84-percent of
the 4.6-million respondents called for the ending of the spring and autumn
clock change. By far, the biggest response was in Germany (3.79-percent) and
Austria (2.94-percent) of the national population respectively. The UK’s
response was the lowest at 0.02-percent, but few Italians took part either with
only 0.04-percent taking part. Most Europeans dislike the practice of Daylight
Saving Time because some recent studies cited by the European Commission point
to adverse health impacts from the clock changes as findings suggest that the
effect on the human biorhythm may be more than severe than previously thought
as clocks go forward by an hour on the last Sunday in March and switch back to
winter time on the last Sunday in October.</div>
Ringohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09506068154852505840noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5154382332791691201.post-81057581204892844122018-02-11T09:22:00.000-08:002018-02-17T02:59:13.421-08:00Photographic Zenith Tube: The Forgotten Rotational Time Measurement Tool? <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<![endif]-->If the GPS system ever fails, will the Photographic Zenith Tube
be a useful alternative in the measurement of rotational time?<br />
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<div class="MsoNormal">
By: Ringo Bones </div>
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<br /></div>
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During the months leading to Operation Desert Storm, US Navy
navigation personnel patrolling the Persian Gulf at the time were ordered to
take sextant measurements every 6 hours at night to determine if the then Iraqi
strongman Saddam Hussein had acquired technology to screw up the GPS navigation
system. The constellation of 24 navigational satellites in geosynchronous orbit
that has since became an indispensable tool in navigation with an error rate of
plus/minus 30 feet or less. Are there also other tools – as in astronomical
time or rotational time determining tools that we can use to check if somebody’s
screwing up with the proper functioning of our GPS system? </div>
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<br /></div>
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The Photographic Zenith Tube – or PZT – is one of the more
accurate tools used to measure rotational time. It was designed by Frank E.
Ross back in 1909 and was adopted for time determination at the US Naval
Observatory in 1934. The PZT is a telescope of 15-foot focal length and 8-inch
aperture pointing directly to the zenith. A small photographic plate is placed
about ½-inch below the lens. A basin of mercury located at half the focal
length below the lens reflects the light from the stars, which comes to a focus
at the plate. The lens and photographic plate can be rotated 180-degrees as a
unit about a vertical axis. </div>
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<br /></div>
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Four exposures of a star were taken, of 20 seconds duration
each, with the lens in alternate positions. A motor drives the plate so as to
track the star and compensate for its diurnal motion and time pulses are
generated by the moving plate carriage. By means of a chronograph it is
possible to relate the impulses to some particular clock. The photographic
plate is developed and the images are measured. By combining these measures
with the chronograph readings, it is possible to determine what the clock read
when the star was on the meridian. </div>
Ringohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09506068154852505840noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5154382332791691201.post-46714662807644440732018-01-14T03:13:00.000-08:002018-01-15T23:16:08.400-08:00Determining Rotational Time <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<![endif]-->Given that mere civilians now have access to the US DoD’s
GPS satellite navigational system, is it still important to determine
rotational time?<br />
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By: Ringo Bones </div>
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During the months leading to Operation Desert Storm, US Navy
navigation personnel of vessels patrolling the Persian Gulf at the time were
ordered to take periodic sextant readings – as in every six hours during the
evening - to determine if the then Iraqi strongman Saddam Hussein had already
acquired tech to jam and / or disrupt with the proper operation of the US DoD’s
GPS satellite navigational system to everyone using it in the Persian Gulf
region. Given this dilemma, can methods of determining rotational time be
useful as a double check to find out if the GPS navigational system is still
working properly? </div>
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<br /></div>
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The rotation of the Earth causes the stars to appear to move
from east to west. Rotational time is determined by observing the passage of
stars across a reference line, such as the local meridian, fixed with respect
to the observing station. The “small transit instrument,” a telescope mounted
about a horizontal axis that lies in the east-west direction, was chiefly used,
formerly to determine rotational time. The telescope can be pointed to any
elevation in the meridian. The passage of a star across the meridian is
observed in the focal plane of the telescope, which contains a spider thread.
The time of passage of the star is indicated with the aid of a chronograph – a device
which registers clock impulses along with those generated at the transit
instrument. Thus, what the clock read when the star was on the meridian is
obtained. </div>
Ringohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09506068154852505840noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5154382332791691201.post-50957646338615110872017-12-06T08:03:00.000-08:002017-12-06T08:03:30.819-08:00What Is Ephemeris Time? <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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Now largely replaced by more accurate atomic clocks, does
the monitoring of ephemeris time has become a largely esoteric astronomical
exercise? </div>
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<br /></div>
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By: Ringo Bones </div>
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<br /></div>
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In recent years, modern atomic clocks and Global Positioning
System based timekeeping have largely relegated the computation of ephemeris
time – also known as terrestrial time – into something of an arcane esoteric
astronomical exercise. Despite its lesser relevance to contemporary
ultra-accurate timekeeping, it is worth noting that the “timekeepers” at the US
Naval Observatory still do this with refreshing regularity. </div>
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Ephemeris time may be defined by the motion of any planet of
the Solar System or by any of their satellites. Astronomers have formerly
defined ephemeris time by the orbital motion of the Earth around the Sun. It
may be obtained by observing the position of the Sun with respect to the stars;
however, in practice this is difficult to do and it is obtained from the
orbital motion of the Moon above the Earth. </div>
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This concept of astronomical time is based on the monthly
motion of the Moon among the stars may be considered to form a clock wherein the
stars represent the hour marks and the Moon represents the pointer. To utilize
the Moon for this purpose, its ephemeris must be calculated with great
exactitude and its position must be precisely determined by observation. The
ephemeris of the Moon is based upon the mathematical researches of Ernest
William Brown (1866 – 1938) at Yale University. </div>
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The position of the Moon has usually been determined from
meridian transits and from occultations of stars. A more recent method is to
photograph the Moon among the stars with a dual-rate camera developed by
William Markowitz at the US Naval Observatory in 1951. By means of a central,
dark, plane-parallel glass filter, which is tilted during an exposure of about
20 seconds, the image of the Moon is given an artificial motion which cancels
the normal motion of the Moon with respect to the stars. Thus, the Moon is held
fixed relative to the stars and sharp images of both the Moon and the stars are
obtained. Since the positions of the stars are known, measurement of the plate
gives the position of the Moon with respect to the stars. This is entered in
the lunar ephemeris and the corresponding ephemeris time is obtained. </div>
Ringohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09506068154852505840noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5154382332791691201.post-88952867769471318192016-06-18T05:34:00.000-07:002016-06-18T05:34:15.721-07:00Ramadan 2016: The Longest Fast for Muslims in the Northern Hemisphere? <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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Given that the Muslim world still follows their lunar based
calendar, will this year’s Ramadan be the longest duration fast for those
living in the northern hemisphere? </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
By: Ringo Bones </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Since it began back in June 6, this year’s Ramadan fast
could be the longest in 33 years for Muslims living north of the equator
because the holy month has been scheduled according to the Muslim calendar
which is lunar based – and it lasts until July 6 for this year’s scheduled
Eid-al-Fitr. Over the last few years, the scheduled observance of Ramadan have
crept up until this year that it coincided with the height of the summer season
in the northern hemisphere. </div>
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<br /></div>
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By this year’s summer solstice, June 21, Muslims observing
Ramadan in Denmark would have to fast for 21 hours because daylight hours could
last that long in those latitudes during the summer solstice while Muslims in
London will have to fast for 19 hours during the height of summer. While
Muslims residing in major metropolitan areas of the southern hemisphere, like
those in Johannesburg, South Africa, and Buenos Aires, Argentina will only have
to fast for 9 ½ hours this coming June 21 because it is winter in the southern
hemisphere. Given that the majority of dry land on planet Earth Is located in
the northern hemisphere, more Muslims will be observing Ramadan in the backdrop
of the summer season. The scheduling “conflict” is largely due to how the
Muslim calendar got established. </div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The formation of the
Muslim calendar could be traced back to the Era of the Hegira – i.e. the Muslim
Era - which began on July 16, 622 AD, after the flight of the prophet Muhammad
from Mecca. The year 2016 of the Gregorian calendar is the year 1437 of the
Muslim Era. Before the time of the prophet Muhammad, who died in AD 632, the
Arabs had a lunisolar calendar, using lunar months with intercalations
something like those of the Jewish calendar. It is believed that the abuse of
the old calendar led the prophet Muhammad to eliminate the added months and use
a typically lunar calendar. In this system, whose year one is A.D. 622, the day
and the synodic period of the moon are the only natural units used, the seasons
not being taken into account. The lunar month was used as 29 ½ days and the
year had 12 months of 29 or 30 days alternately. In a cycle of 30 years the
final month had 29 days in 19 of the years and 30 in the other 11. The Muslim
calendar is used extensively throughout the Near East and Middle East, though
in 1925 Turkey abandoned it in favor of the Gregorian calendar. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
Ringohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09506068154852505840noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5154382332791691201.post-68877117375311060322016-03-26T02:47:00.000-07:002016-03-26T02:47:53.771-07:00Should There Be A Fixed Date For Easter Sunday? <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<![endif]-->Given that it is one of the most important holidays of the
year and all of Christendom, should there be a fixed date on when should Easter
Sunday should be observed on the calendar?<br />
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By: Ringo Bones </div>
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It must have been very awkward back in 2014 when Easter fell
on the 20<sup>th</sup> of April which made for a very awkward Easter Sunday
celebration. Not only because April 20 have been set aside for the celebration
of 420 – i.e. the global movement for the legalization of marijuana not only
for medical use but also for recreational use as well and there had been
recently unearthed evidences that Jesus Christ used marijuana, but also because
April 20 his Adolf Hitler’s birthday which gave a whole new meaning of the “comical
euphemism” - Jesus Hitler Christ. Thankfully to the relief of more “conservative
Christians” plans are in motion to set aside a fixed date for Easter Sunday and
it is safe to bet that it will not be one of “awkward days” between the months
of March and April. </div>
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The current Archbishop of Canterbury, Justin Welby, had been
in talk with various leaders of the different Christian sects around the world
and the preliminary agreement of the talks suggests that most of them are in
favor of a fixed date for Easter Sunday. The only group opposed to the proposal
of a fixed date for Easter Sunday was the top brass of the Coptic Orthodox
Church. But according to the Archbishop of Canterbury, the final decision to
establish a fixed date for Easter Sunday will probably happen 5 to 10 years
from now. But why is it that the celebration of Easter Sunday doesn’t have a
fixed date? </div>
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During the early days of the Christian church prior to the
reign of Pope Victor I (189 – 198 AD), the Western Churches, as a rule, kept
Easter on the first day of the week in the beginning of Springtime, while many
of the Eastern Churches conforming to the Jewish rule of celebrating Passover,
observed Easter on the 14<sup>th</sup> day of the Jewish month of Nisan.
Through the energetic efforts of Pope Victor I, the latter practice gradually disappeared.
But another problem came to the fore: granted that Easter was to be kept on
Sunday, how was that Sunday to be determined? </div>
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<br /></div>
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The Council of Nicaea in 325 AD paved the way fro the final
settlement by ruling that Easter is to be observed by all on the same Sunday,
that this must be the Sunday following the 14<sup>th</sup> day of the paschal
moon, and that moon was to be accounted whose 14<sup>th</sup> day followed the
vernal equinox. Because of the differences in the systems of chronology
followed in various places, however, the decrees of Nicaea did not immediately
remove all difficulties nor win universal acceptance. The Gregorian correction by
Pope Gregory XIII of the Julian calendar then in use in 1582, moreover, introduced
still further discrepancies. </div>
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Throughout Western, Christendom the corrected calendar is
now universally accepted and Easter is solemnized on the first Sunday after the
full moon following the vernal equinox as first suggested by an English monk named
Venerable Bede back in the year 700, with the result that the earliest possible
date for Easter Sunday is March 22 and the latest is April 25. In the East, however,
the calendar has not been bought into accord with the Gregorian reform and thus
their observance of Easter seldom coincides with the Western date. In recent
years, laudable endeavors have been made to fix the date of Easter, but
definite results are still awaited. Let’s just hope that the current Archbishop
of Canterbury Justin Welby succeeds and his name will be immortalized together
with the Venerable Bede. </div>
Ringohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09506068154852505840noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5154382332791691201.post-17092654007964279172015-08-16T12:10:00.001-07:002015-08-16T12:10:42.972-07:00North Korea To Go Back In Time, Literally? <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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Even though it might still be physically impossible under
current technology, can North Korea go 30 minutes back in time literally?</div>
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<br /></div>
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By: Ringo Bones </div>
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Most countries in the Korean peninsula are “busy” marking the
70<sup>th</sup> Anniversary of the end of World War II, while the secretive “Hermit
Kingdom” of North Korea attempts to go 30 minutes back in time, literally. At
least it is for largely political reasons. North Korea’s top lawmaking body –
The Presidium of the Supreme People’s Assembly – decreed on Wednesday, August
12, 2015 that clocks in North Korea will be moved back by 30 minutes and the “New
North Korean Time Zone” would take effect in August 15, 2015 so when the clocks
in North Korea hit midnight in the evening of August 14, 2015, all clocks in
the “Hermit Kingdom” should be rolled back 30 minutes, according to the report
carried by the North Korea’s Central News Agency. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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North Korea currently shares a time zone with South Korea
and the peninsula’s former colonial ruler, Japan. The decree would restore
North Korea to a time zone that the country used before Japan colonized it. According
to the report, The North Korean Presidium said in its decree: “The wicked
Japanese imperialists committed such unpardonable crimes as depriving Korea of
even its standard time.” </div>
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<br /></div>
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North Korea’s “official version” of history glosses over the
United States’ fight against Japan during World War II, including the role of
the two atomic bombs in bringing about the end of the war. Instead, Pyongyang’s
“official history” credits Kim Il Sung, North Korea’s founder, with fighting
Japan off the Korean peninsula which Tokyo governed as a colony for 35 years until
1945. For good or bad, the majority of North Koreans will probably not even
notice the 30 minute rollback of their “New North Korean Time Zone” given that
they have no internet access or investing in the international stock exchange
or are serious amateur astronomers. </div>
Ringohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09506068154852505840noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5154382332791691201.post-56627501587925214662015-02-08T17:51:00.000-08:002015-02-08T17:51:14.393-08:00Why Do Our Clocks Move Clockwise? <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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A very esoteric question with a somewhat not-so-esoteric answer,
but have you ever wondered why most elementary school kids haven’t been taught
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By: Ringo Bones </div>
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Well, the reason our clocks – most of them anyway – move clockwise
and so does our steam gauges is that the modern clock is an evolutionary step
above of the sundial and in the northern hemisphere – where most of the planet
Earth’s people live and civilization first developed – a sundial’s shadow moves
clockwise as the sun travels across the sky through the day. While in the
southern hemisphere, a shadow cast by a sundial will move counterclockwise,
making the modern clock a representation of daylight in the northern
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In a move that will probably educate the rest of us and help
Bolivians find heir indigenous roots, Bolivian foreign minister David Choquehuanca
launched the horological initiative that not only help Bolivians get in touch
with their indigenous roots but also remind them that they are a people of
Earth’s southern hemisphere. AS a grand gesture of their horological
initiative, the large clock of the congress building of La Paz, Bolivia runs
counterclockwise and the numbers are mounted in reverse in comparison to clocks
developed in the northern hemisphere. If Bolivia’s Counterclockwise Clock fails
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Even though it is seldom mentioned in the story’s canon, DC
Comics’ Hawkman and Hawkgirl’s home planet Thanagar has its dominant
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planet. Because of this, their clocks and steam gauges move counterclockwise in
comparison to ours. And if the Bolivian foreign minister gets his way, he may
have Bolivia’s steam gauges – as in speedometers and other forms of tachometers
– move in a counterclockwise fashion to remind Bolivians that they are citizens
of the planet Earth’s southern hemisphere. </div>
Ringohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09506068154852505840noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5154382332791691201.post-90435389576350919432014-12-15T15:41:00.000-08:002014-12-15T16:00:39.347-08:00Mean Solar Time: Mechanical Clock Time? <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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Despite its namesake, did you know that mean solar time was
primarily introduced when mechanical clocks and other man-made time keeping
devices of considerable accuracy gained widespread use? </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
By: Ringo Bones </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The introduction of clocks and watches toward the end of the
17<sup>th</sup> Century forced the introduction of mean solar time. Despite its
rather misleading name suggesting that one’s accuracy is dependent on the
other, the mean solar time is defined by the “mean sun” – defined,
descriptively, as a fictitious body which moves in the celestial equator at the
same average speed of the true sun. The hour angle of the mean sun is the mean
solar time by qualitative – but not rigorous astronomical – definition. The
difference in time between true solar time and mean solar time is called the “equation
of time.” It is not really an equation, but only the difference in time; it can
be as large as 16 minutes. </div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
As mentioned previously, mean solar time is obtained by observing
the stars and not the sun. Star observations furnish “sidereal time” as sidereal
is derived from the Latin word sidereus meaning star or constellation. By means
of a mathematical formula, sidereal time is converted to mean solar time. Mean
solar time is rigorously defined in such a way that it is a strict measure of
the angular position of the earth about its axis, irrespective of whether or
not there are changes in the speed of rotation. It is because mean solar time
is a measure of the rotation of the earth that it is needed for the
determination of longitude and for any other application where the angular
position of the earth in space must be known. </div>
Ringohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09506068154852505840noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5154382332791691201.post-84552874534244582722013-11-29T05:56:00.000-08:002013-11-29T05:56:23.862-08:00Thanksgivingukkah: A Once In Every 70,000 Year Holiday? <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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By: Ringo Bones </div>
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Thanksgivingukkah has now been all the rage as of late, but
does it qualify as a bona-fide American holiday? The legendary boxing promoter
Don King could be making his iconic “only in America” speeches about the birth
of this holiday. But the truth is – the extraordinary similarity between the two
seemingly disparate holidays could astound everyone not yet in the know. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
In truth, both the American Thanksgiving and Hanukkah were born
in times of civil war. The origins Hanukkah was born out of the Maccabean
Revolt of 167 to 160 BC – which is a “civil war” of sorts between occupying
Syrian tribes and Hebrews on what is now the state of Israel. While the “salient
theme” of the American Thanksgiving dates back to the Pilgrims sitting down
with a banquet with the Native American tribes that they became first
acquainted with, it wasn’t until the then US President Abraham Lincoln
proclaimed the last Thursday of November as the official American Thanksgiving
Holiday at the height of the American Civil War back in 1863. But should
American’s this day and age combine the two just because both fall on the same day? </div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
At least it happens only once in every 70,000 years or so
and if we continue using the Gregorian Calendar for the next upcoming millenniums,
it is safe to say that Thanksgivingukkha will be celebrated again. Well, it’s
only a once in every 70,000 year holiday making it around a thousand times less
likely to occur in comparison to the once in every 76-year return of the Halley’s
Comet. </div>
Ringohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09506068154852505840noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5154382332791691201.post-91092426792619545672012-02-28T01:27:00.004-08:002012-02-28T01:57:14.682-08:00When Is A Leap Year Not A Leap Year?A February 29th in 2012 may be proof that its a bona fide leap year, but are there supposed "leap years" that are disqualified from getting their own February 29ths? <br /><br />By: Ringo Bones <br /><br />Believe it or not, the year 2000 might be the only century year within most of existing folks lifetimes that passed muster to necessitate a February 29th. On the other hand, century years - those ending in double zeroes - ordinarily do not deserve a February 29th, as in the century years of 1700, 1800 and 1900 didn't have this additional day. But once every four centuries, the double-0 year is a leap year, and the year 2000 was one of them.<br /><br />The complexity of adding leap years is due to the fact that humans like to work with nice whole numbers while Mother Nature never obliges to such a "square" convention. Measured against astronomical observations, a typical Earth year lasts 365.2422 days - i.e 365 days, 5 hours, 48 minutes and 46 seconds. If the Earth year were 365.25 days long - or about 11 minutes longer when measured against background stars - rules for adding a February 29th would have been much simpler and we would add one leap day every fourth year in order to eliminate the fraction. But the planet Earth circles our Sun a tad faster than that, so we occasionally have to skip the once-every-four-year February 29th. <br /><br />Bypassing three leap years every 400 years may be confusing, but it gets the job done. This extra "tweak" - introduced by Pope Gregory XIII in 1582 - keeps our calendar accurate to one day every 3,300 years. Years divisible by 4,000 are not leap years, which fixes that little glitch. Although critics of Pope Gregory's method say this tweak needs further refinement and necessitates the addition of a February 30th in the year 3000 to keep the Gregorian Calendar accurate beyond that date. <br /><br />If it weren't for this elaborate system of leap years, each January 1 would begin at a slightly different point in the Earth's orbit around our Sun. That might not seem like such a big deal, but eventually the seasons would start at odd times. Christmas would come in August - or summer in the Northern Hemisphere - if this went on long enough. Our previous calendar - i.e. the Julian Calendar - in which all century years were leap years, was good enough for Julius Caesar, but its annual 11-minute error eventually did add up. By the 1500s, equinoxes and solstices took place a full 10 days too early. <br /><br />In 1582, Pope Gregory XIII boldly returned the seasons to their intended schedules by simply eliminating 10 days from the calendar. So in that year, October 4 was immediately followed by October 15. Pope Gregory also decreed at that time that all century years divisible by 400 would be leap years.Ringohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09506068154852505840noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5154382332791691201.post-85147039107669874142011-12-28T13:48:00.000-08:002011-12-28T14:06:54.672-08:00Will the World End in 2012?Given a significant portion of the Earth's population got a sudden preoccupation of the Mayan calendar during the last two years, is there really something to this the world will end in December 23, 2012 nonsense? <br /><br />By: Ringo Bones <br /><br />To cut to the chase, the only that's both interestingly "scientific" about the world ending in December 23, 2012 nonsense is the part where our planet Earth's 23 and a half degree axial tilt of rotation will align the Sun with the galactic center of our Milky Way galaxy near the end of 2012 - around December in fact according to the Mayan calendar. But is there any cause for alarm? <br /> <br />Astronomers have known for quite awhile now that the 26,000-year cycle of the Earth's rotational tilt had been shifting the Earth's celestial alignment at a rate of one degree for every 72 years since humanity began to carefully observe the stars in the nighttime sky. But is the hubbub surrounding the 2012 end-of-the-world obsession of a significant number of the Earth's populace nothing more that a quirk of celestial geometry? <br /><br />Strangely enough, the 2012 galactic alignment will coincide with peak in Solar activity in the summer solstice of 2012 - thus the preoccupation by doomsayers that this quirk could allow the Sun to supposedly trigger massive geologic upheavals near the tail end of 2012. From the Mayans to Nostradamus, the galactic alignment had since been used as a rather hackneyed temporal signpost to mark a world-ending catastrophe. Could geometry spell doom for our seemingly eternal planet Earth?Ringohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09506068154852505840noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5154382332791691201.post-51131601297504900942010-11-30T00:49:00.000-08:002010-11-30T00:52:25.816-08:00Professor Ron Mallett And His Time MachineGiven what we currently know about the fabric of spacetime in the world bleeding edge theoretical physics, is Professor Mallett’s proposed time machine design the most likely to work? <br /><br /> <br />By: Ringo Bones <br /><br /> <br />Maybe it was on what we currently know about the latest experiments in the “bleeding edge” of theoretical physics that the fabric of spacetime could probably do what it wants with utter disregard to Einstein’s Special and General Relativity Laws, but if I were to bet a sizable amount of cash on a time machine design that works, I’d probably place all of my money on Professor Ron Mallett’s proposed time machine design that uses lasers to manipulate the fabric of spacetime. Given that it is by far the time travel device design that is most likely to work. But unfortunately, humanity has yet to meet a time traveler from the distant future. <br /> <br />Professor Mallett’s laser based time machine is an offshoot on his research on lasers and their noted effects on inertial reference frames (inertial reference frame manipulation technology?). Although the “time machine” prop used in Stargate: Continuum that looks uncannily like one of Professor Mallett’s table-top laser experiments scaled up might had made me partial to the idea of laser based time machines. According to Professor Mallett, a sufficiently powerful and manipulated laser assembly can be used to manipulate the inertial reference frame of the local spacetime in order to allow travel back into the past. <br /> <br />Anyone can easily tell that Professor Ron Mallett is a time travel “fan” because he drives a DeLorean inspired by one of the most famous time travel sci-fi movie of all time called Back to the Future. Professor Mallett’s fascination with the still unexplored science of time travel was primarily driven by his father’s untimely passing via a heart attack when professor Mallett was just aged 10. <br /> <br />Fans of time travel scenarios – either of science fiction literature and the latest on-going experimental research in the field of “bleeding-edge” theoretical physics -has always been eternally hopeful of the possibilities of practical time travel. It is not just because of the vast amounts of time travel related science fiction literature, it is also because science is yet to find physical laws that forbid the possibility of time travel – either into the distant future or back into our distant past.Ringohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09506068154852505840noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5154382332791691201.post-72831931385482578652009-03-30T06:00:00.000-07:002009-03-30T06:04:31.410-07:00Is Time Just an Illusion?Will the British physicist Julian Barbour join the ranks with Albert Einstein in redefining the ultimate nature of time? <br /><br /> <br />By: Vanessa Uy <br /><br /> <br />When Albert Einstein proclaimed that time is just another dimension – similar to that of height, width, and depth – and went on to declare that it can be stretched and warped like a sheet of rubber. He single-handedly started a revolution that became an indispensable part in shaping 20th Century physics via his General and Special Theory of Relativity. Einstein’s offbeat view of time – since proven through careful observations with the aid of sensitive instruments like ultra-precise atomic clocks – has received it’s share of serious scrutiny when in 1963 an equally more radical view of the true nature of time was put forth. <br /> <br />British physicist Julian Barbour first began to doubt the reality of time as far back as 1963 while on board a German train. The riddle behind in defining the true nature of time has always fascinated Barbour. Then in 1986, he took strides to tackle the problem in earnest. Barbour had serious doubts about the existence of time because there is no real physical way to get hold of time. Plus – according to Barbour – time is invisible; “you can’t really get your hands on it. So what it is really?” In short, there wasn’t any good answer. Even though physicists work with time all the time, they never define precisely what it is. <br /> <br />As part of the on-going trial-and-error method via mathematical means in discovering a differential equation that describes the “Theory of Everything” – i.e. the Holy Grail of modern physics. An American physicist named Bryce De Witt – using Julian Barbour’s concept of unreal or illusory time – had “managed” to meld general relativity with quantum mechanics into a single consistent theory. Even though there are still doubts whether Bryce De Witt had truly achieved this major goal of modern physics, he did it by removing time from the equations. Though many in the theoretical physics community had since reached a consensus that the mere thought of using Barbour’s concept of illusory time to solve the greatest problem plaguing modern physics to be just a mere mathematical trick with no basis in reality. <br /> <br />Julian Barbour’s concept of illusory time centers on the idea that every “moment” we experience is real. And according to him, these moments exist only for that brief instant, during which time – according to Barbour – literally stands still. Thus – Barbour concludes – that the passage of time is as illusory as the sense of movement created by the succession of still frames in a motion picture. <br /> <br />Barbour says that there may even be a way to test his concept of illusory time experimentally. A consequence of Barbour’s theory is that the universe would be filled with more black holes and neutron stars – super-massive celestial bodies oft used to describe the concept of dark matter – than experts believe. Even though most scientists are just too wary of abandoning the orthodox (Einsteinean?) concept of time, Barbour’s idea is already taken quite seriously by such respected physicists like Penn State’s Lee Smolin and the University of Alberta’s Don Page. <br /> <br />Unlike Kurt Gödel’s Incompleteness Theorem that deals primarily with the social construct – i.e. man-made – of formalist logic, Julian Barbour’s time-is-but-a-mere-illusion concept has to face up tangible tools. Like the latest in ultra-precise atomic clocks mentioned before. Plus noting that how our current Internet infrastructure is very dependent on how actually we can measure and control time-measuring devices, Julian Barbour’s concept of an illusory time could be easily relegated by an overwhelming majority of us as mere “descriptive time”. From my perspective, it looks like Julian Barbour's theory of illusory time is fast becoming like an obsolete Victorian-era idea. Not unlike the one astronomer’s used to describe the advancing perihelion of the planet Mercury’s orbit around the Sun – i.e. planet Vulcan – before Einstein’s general relativity explained this apparent celestial discrepancy.Ringohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09506068154852505840noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5154382332791691201.post-78715085420174255972009-03-10T07:43:00.000-07:002009-03-10T07:46:49.920-07:002009: Unluckiest Year Ever?Despite of the on-going global economic downturn, will 2009 be remembered as the unluckiest year ever for containing the most number of Friday the 13th s? <br /><br /> <br />By: Vanessa Uy <br /><br /> <br />As a concept of time - which has a less rigorous definition that it even deserves classification under descriptive time, nothing raises more irrational mysticism and awe than the superstitious aura behind Friday the 13th. As years go, 2009 probably qualifies as the year that contains one of the most number of Friday the 13th s. On average, a typical year contains a single or a couple of Friday the 13th s. But 2009 contains three of them. We had one last February 13, 2009 – which is Friday the 13th. Those that are yet to come are March 13, 2009 and November 13, 2009. But what is it about Friday the 13th that almost all of us find fascinating? <br /> <br />Though not a part of official Christian canon and doctrine, it was widely believed that the Fall of Man – i.e. when Adam and Eve were driven out of Paradise for disobeying God’s first commandment – happened on a Friday the 13th. During Medieval times, The Inquisition believed that practitioners of black magic, sorcery, and other form of the black arts find Friday the 13th as an auspicious day to practice their “evil” craft. Thus making Friday the 13th, together with a black cat crossing your path, the ace of spades, and walking under a ladder one of the prime examples of bad luck signs or an unlucky omen. Given that we had progressed so much, can the superstitious mysticism behind Friday the 13th really give us bad luck? <br /> <br />Older acquaintances of mine used to tell tales that back in the days when teen-agers used to covet the Ibanez electric guitars endorsed by Steve Vai and Joe Satriani. A computer virus known as the Friday the 13th computer virus was wreaking havoc during the infancy of the Internet every time Friday the 13th rolls around – especially during 1992 when there was a couple of then – March 13, 1992 and November 13, 1992. Now in the era of Web 2.0 the Friday the 13th computer virus – or any of its 21st Century incarnations – seems almost unheard of. Given that the global economy has been in dire straits since the last two weeks of July 2007, the three Friday the 13th s of 2009 still awaits to be used as a convenient scapegoat for calling this year the unluckiest year ever. Friday the 13th could be one of the contentious subjects of descriptive time.Ringohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09506068154852505840noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5154382332791691201.post-54262205240847932232009-01-31T03:44:00.000-08:002009-01-31T03:48:42.185-08:00Is Singapore on Permanent Daylight Saving Time?Though many ex-pat workers had observed that at 6 in the morning Singapore is kind of dark when compared to Hong Kong’s. Is this a sign of a permanent Daylight Saving Time? <br /><br /> <br /> By: Vanessa Uy <br /><br /> <br /> Given that longitudinally, the island nation of Singapore should have been in sync with Bangkok, Thailand’s standard time. Why is it then that Singapore chose to follow Hong Kong’s time zone? Are the reasons economically driven – rather than geographical – like the standard-time boundaries of the United States, which are designated by the Interstate Commerce Commission? But first, let us examine the concepts behind a country’s geographic location and it’s designated time zone. <br /> <br />The local time for any place on Earth depends upon its geographic longitude. The local time is set less advanced than that of Greenwich Mean Time by 1 hour for each 15-degree of longitude west of the Greenwich 0-degree meridian. This is so because it takes 24 hours for our Sun to “circumnavigate” – due to the Earth’s rotation – across the globe. Which turns out to be 360 degrees given the circular circumference of our planet. Dividing 360 degrees by 24 hours works out to 15 degrees per hour or each time zone is 15 degrees wide. Barring the now mandatory “occasional” leap-second corrections via the now widespread use of ultra-accurate atomic clocks, longitude west of Greenwich is determined by subtracting the local mean solar time – obtained by astronomical observation – from Greenwich Mean Time obtained from radio time signals. <br /> <br />To avoid continuous changes in time with longitude, Earth is divided into 24 zones. Within each zone, the same standard time is kept. Minutes and seconds are kept identical in all standard-time zones; only the hours differ. The time zone boundaries over land areas quite often zigzag in order to avoid inconvenient changes of time within geographic borders legally defined by various nation-states. <br /> <br />In some areas, time zones are used wherein the time may differ by 30 minutes – like the Indian Standard Time. Or by an odd number of minutes and seconds of Greenwich Mean Time – these are not considered standard time zones, however. While countries very near the north and south poles where the meridians converge and there is no single time zone, they customarily default to Greenwich Mean Time. <br /> <br />Given that since her independence, Singapore’s stock exchange has always operated in sync with Hong Kong Standard Time – rather than that of Bangkok, Thailand which supposedly is where Singapore’s geographic meridian is in parallel with – the probable expense of syncing with Bangkok Standard Time could prove to be too costly. Thus Singapore had always stuck with Hong Kong Standard Time – in spite of the “gripes” of the island state’s resident’s circadian rhythms and Old-School Feng Sui practitioners. Which is kind of disconcerting since Singapore’s near-equatorial location doesn’t allow the island state to have seasonal variations like that of lands located further up north the need to save energy intended for use in lighting purposes – the supposed raison d’être of Daylight Saving Time.Ringohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09506068154852505840noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5154382332791691201.post-61383751944568312302008-12-28T06:28:00.000-08:002008-12-28T06:31:07.365-08:002008: Longest Year Ever?Even though Wall Street and other insiders of the world’s financial centers touted 2008 as the worst year ever for the global economy, does it have to last one second more? <br /><br /><br />By: Vanessa Uy <br /><br /><br />Most of us knew even before 2008 began that it will be a leap year – i.e. that 29th of February that comes along when a year meets the criteria for being a leap year. And yet the “timekeeping scientists” at the US Naval Observatory - the secret location of outgoing US Vice President Dick Cheney’s 600 megaton blast resistant rated bunker - recently found out through their ultra-precise atomic clocks that we need to add a “leap second” to 2008. In order to keep our trusty Gregorian Calendar accurate for the foreseeable future perhaps? Which in my opinion is a better option than a 30th of February when the year 3000 comes along. But why the need to add a leap second in the first place? <br /><br />Even though our planet Earth passes muster when it comes to the hydrostatic equilibrium criterion of the International Astronomical Union or IAU in defining it as a bona fide planet. Our planet’s large bodies of water and the Moon’s rotational coupling has been affecting our planet’s speed of rotation – i.e. it’s been gradually slowing down over billions of years. When it comes to the accuracy of the Earth’s rotation, it won’t even pass muster compared to the up-to-the-second accuracy needed in the day-to-day operations of a contemporary US Navy aircraft carrier. <br /><br />The decision to add an extra second to the year 2008 was made by an international consortium of timekeepers when their US arm announced it back in December 8, 2008. The industrially advanced West began adding leap seconds in 1972. Probably when Atomic Frequency Standards scientists found out that since they began using and building ever more accurate atomic clocks since the end of World War II adding leap seconds is a necessity to keep our current Gregorian Calendar accurate for a few thousand years more. The international consortium of timekeepers sometimes adds a leap second twice a year since they started the practice in 1972. Our 2008 leap second is the first one since December 31, 2005. <br /><br />Given that our modern post-WW II civilization is now under the hegemony of atomic time, everything from telecommunications systems, computer operating systems, even our global financial system must keep up with the almost Planck-time precision of atomic clocks. Even though complex trading instruments bereft of regulation and oversight became its downfall, without ultra-accurate atomic clocks, the stock markets would really crash and the Internet will shut down. Because of this, most cellular phone providers and computer operating systems check with the world’s atomic clocks and automatically update their time to add a leap second when the need arises. Because of atomic time, the term “rat race” suddenly acquires a more precise redefinition. Just be careful not to wind up as road-kill in the Information Superhighway.Ringohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09506068154852505840noreply@blogger.com0